Rahoton da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta fitar bayan ziyarar da ta kai birnin El-Fasher na Sudan ya zana hoto mai ban tsoro na wani birni da ya mutu a rayayye. Wannan takaitaccen kima ya bayyana yadda tsarin rayuwa ya ruguje gaba ɗaya, inda fararen hula masu rauni suke fama da matsanancin yunwa, rashin tsaro, da kuma halaka duk wani abin dogaro na rayuwa.
Bayan fiye da shekara biyu da ƙungiyar agaji ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kasa shiga birnin, an sami damar yin wannan ziyarar ta musamman a ƙarshen watan Disamba. An samu izinin shiga ne bayan tattaunawa mai zurfi da ƙungiyar sojojin sa kai na Rapid Support Forces (RSF) waɗanda suka kama birnin a watan Oktoba na shekarar da ta gabata. Wannan shi ne farkon hangen nesa mai zaman kansa da aka samu game da sakamakon ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin kewaye da aka yi a tarihin rikicin Sudan, wanda ya bar birnin cikin wani yanayi mai ban haushi.
Birni da Ya Zama ‘Wurin Laifi’ da Kaskantar da Mutum
Mai ba da shawara kan ayyukan jin kai na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Sudan, Denise Brown, ta bayyana El-Fasher a matsayin “fatalwar tsohuwarta” da kuma “wurin laifi.” Hakika, wani birni da ya kasance cibiyar kasuwanci mai ƙarfi ga fiye da miliyan mutane a yankin Darfur, yanzu ya zama kango mai ban tsoro. Hotunan tauraron dan adam da aka ɗauka a baya sun nuna wuraren da suka yi daidai da kaburburan jama’a da ba a binne su yadda ya kamata ba, wanda ke nuni da adadin mutanen da suka mutu a lokacin kewaye.
Rahotanni daga cikin birnin sun ba da cikakkun bayanai game da kisan kiyashi, azabtarwa, da cin zarafin mata da yara. “Mutanen da suka rage, gidajensu sun lalace ko kuma an ƙone su,” in ji Brown. Wadanda suka tsira—galibi mata, yara, da tsofaffi—suna fakewa a cikin gine-ginen da aka watsar, rumfunan kasuwa, ko kuma a ƙarƙashin zanen filastik, ba tare da samun damar yin tsafta, ruwan sha, ko kuma duk wani abin da zai kare su daga ƙanƙara da zafi ba. Ƙungiyar agajin ta sami ƙuntatawa sosai, duka ta hanyar masu rakiyarsu na RSF da kuma barazanar bama-bamai da ba a fashe ba da suka cika titunan birnin, bayan fiye da kwanaki 500 na fadan da ba a tsagaita ba.
Yanayin Yunwa Mai Tsanani da Rushewar Dukkan Tsarin Lafiya
Ziyarar ta tabbatar da abin da masana ke tsorata: cewa El-Fasher ya zama cibiyar bala’in jin kai na Sudan. An ayyana yunwa a cikin birnin a farkon shekarar 2025, amma babu wata hanya da za a isar da agaji. Abin da ƙungiyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta samu a kasuwa shi ne ƙaramin amfanin gona—ƙananan jakunkuna na tumatir da albasa—wanda ke nuna matsanancin talauci da rashin wadatar kayayyaki. Fararen hula suna cin danyen shuka da ganyaye don rage yunwa.
Asibitin guda ɗaya da ya rage, Asibitin Saudiyya, yana nan amma babu kayan aikin likitanci, magunguna, ko ma fitilu. Duk da cewa wasu ma’aikatan likitanci masu jaruntaka sun rage a nan, ikonsu na magance marasa lafiya ya sami cikas sosai saboda rashin kayan aiki. Ba za su iya magance cututtuka masu yawa ba, ko kuma magance marasa abinci mai gina jiki da suka yi yawa. Tsarin kiwon lafiya gabaɗaya ya rushe, wanda ya ƙara dagula wa al’ummar da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yi imanin cewa sun haɗa da fursunonin da RSF ke riƙe a wani ɓangare na birnin, inda ƙungiyar agajin ba ta iya kaiwa ga su ba.
Fage na Rikicin: Yaƙin da Ya Haifar da ‘Mafi Munin Bala’in Jin Kai a Duniya’
Halakar da aka yi a El-Fasher wani ɗan ƙaramin misali ne na faɗaɗa rikici tsakanin Sojojin Sudan da ƙungiyar Rapid Support Forces (RSF), wanda ya barke a watan Afrilun 2023 saboda rigingimun siyasa da mulki. Yaƙin ya kashe dubun-dubatar mutane, ya kwashe mutane miliyan 11 daga gidajensu, kuma ya haifar da abin da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kira “mafi munin bala’in jin kai a duniya” a yau.
Kamewar El-Fasher da dabara, wanda shi ne ƙarshen babban sansanin soja a yankin Darfur, ta RSF ta nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a yanayin rikicin. Amma wannan nasarar soja bai kawo ƙarshen wahalar da fararen hula da suka rage suka fuskanta ba. A maimakon haka, ya kara dagula musu wahala. Masu bincike sun lura cewa yardar RSF na ba da izinin ɗan gajeren ziyarar na iya zama wani dabarar siyasa da za ta sauƙaƙa matsin lamba na ƙasa da ƙasa a kansu, amma hakan ba ya nuna wani buɗe ido na gaske don girman agajin da ake buƙata. Babban manufar aikin, kamar yadda Brown ta bayyana, shine gwada damar shiga da kuma tantance yanayi—wanda hakan ya bayyana birni a matsayin wani kango da al’umma a bakin kofa.
Gaba: Kalubalen Ceton Rayuka da Bukatar Aiki Mai Ƙarfi
Kalubalen nan take shine canza wannan mummunan kima zuwa aikin agaji mai aiki da zai isa ga mutane. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya yanzu tana da tabbacin farko game da girman yunwa da rashin muhimman ayyukan more rayuwa. Duk da haka, isar da ruwa, abinci mai gina jiki, kayan aikin likitanci, da magunguna masu yawa zai buƙaci ci gaba da samun damar shiga cikin aminci. Wannan yana buƙatar garanti daga RSF, wanda a halin yanzu ba ya nuna alamar ba da izini mai ma’ana.
A halin yanzu, ana sa ran binciken ‘yancin ɗan adam game da mugunyar da aka yi a lokacin kewaye—wanda ya haɗa da zargin kisan kiyashi da cin zarafin mata—zai ci gaba. Amma a gefe guda, hankalin ayyukan jin kai dole ne ya mai da hankali kan babban aikin ceton rayuka nan take. Idan ba a samu wata hanya ta dorewa ba don shigo da taimako, yiwuwar mutuwar dubban mutane saboda yunwa da cututtuka ta zama mai yiwuwa sosai. Al’amarin El-Fasher shine misali na yadda rikici na siyasa zai iya lalata birane da al’ummomi cikin sauri, ya bar bayan gado na wahala mai zurfi da rauni na tunani wanda za a iya ɗaukar shekaru don warkewa.
Tushen Farko da Ƙarin Karatu: Wannan rahoto ya dogara ne akan bayanai daga wani aikin jin kai na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da aka yi cikakken bayani a cikin labarin na Channels Television, yana ambaton rahoton AFP. Don ƙarin fahimtar rikicin Sudan da tasirinsa ga yankin Sahel, ana iya duba rahotannin UNICEF da na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan yanayin yunwa.